安防行业如何应用好AI

“大模型这么嗨，我也没觉得怎么样，如果不建立自己的商业闭环，只是把悲剧又加速重演一遍。”一位AI计算机视觉公司创始人今年3月对我们说。当时，多个大模型创业公司的估值已突破100亿人民币。就像如今情形的一场预演，当计算机视觉的商业化场景转向安防后，战争不再发生于创业者之间。真正的威胁来自成立了十几年的安防行业巨头海康。创业公司高薪招博士、发论文，更懂AI视觉识别，但要从头学习研发硬件产品、搭建营销体系。海康每年卖出数百亿元硬件产品，有完善的供应链和销售体系，对安防需求有长期洞察，但需要引入AI技术。在这位创业者看来，大模型时代只不过是换了一批创业公司，对手从海康威视换成了资源更多、决心明确的BAT和字节。上一次，创业公司都没有赢。所有依靠新技术的创业，都是在和大公司赛跑——看创业团队先补上完整的商业化体系，还是大公司先学会新技术。这一竞赛的结果，取决于新技术能在多大程度上颠覆原有体验，新技术的进入门槛有多高、赛道有多长。大模型确实比驱动上一波AI热潮的人脸识别等技术有更高的资源门槛，从头训练大模型也是一个更综合、复杂的技术工作，涉及GPU调用、模型架构设计、数据处理、调优等多个环节。复杂度远超AI视觉。技术门槛之外，创业公司和大公司间的竞赛结果，也取决于新技术是否能找到新生态：这里应该有新的供应链、新的硬件载体、新的渠道和新的需求与用户来源。它们尚未被大公司深度染指。一位投资人类比了大模型和移动互联网浪潮：移动互联网是新软件、新硬件同时出现，从电脑到手机，带来了App的强劲自然增长，当时的流量成本也低得多。

1.60.In some sectors,principles for AI governance will already exist and may even go further than the cross-cutting principles we propose.Our framework gives sectors the ability to develop and apply more specific principles to suit their own domains,where government or regulators identify these are needed.2.61.The Ministry of Defence published its own AI ethical principles and policy in June 2022,which determines HM Government’s approach regarding AI-enabled military capabilities.We will ensure appropriate coherence and alignment in the application of this policy through a context specific approach and thereby promote UK leadership in the employment of AI for defence purposes.Ahead of introducing any statutory duty to have due regard to our principles,and in advance of introducing other material iterations of the framework,we will consider whether exemptions are needed to allow existing regulators(such as those working in areas like national security)to continue their domain-level approach.3.62.Not all principles will be equally relevant in all contexts and sometimes two or more principles may come into conflict.For example,it may be difficult to assess the fairness of an algorithm’s outputs without access to sensitive personal data about the subjects of the processing.Regulators will need to use their expertise and judgement to prioritise and apply the principles in such cases,sharing information where possible with government and other regulators about how they are assessing the relevance of each principle.This collaboration between regulators and government will allow the framework to be adapted to ensure it is practical,coherent and supporting innovation.4.63.In implementing the new regulatory framework we expect that regulators will:o Assess the cross-cutting principles and apply them to AI use cases that fall within their remit.o Issue relevant guidance on how the principles interact with existing legislation to support industry to apply the principles.Such guidance should also explain and illustrate what compliance looks like.

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